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TOEFL iBT Practice
11 TOEFL
Listening
Speaking
Task 1
Task 2
Announcement from the Geology Department
We are pleased to announce that the fifteenth annual Field Geology Summer Program will take place at the Copper Mountain Field Camp from July 12 to July 26. The Field Geology Summer Program is jointly organized by the Mountain States Universities and gives future geologists the opportunity to do field research. The program offers two weeks of lectures, field work, and lab training. Registration for the Field Geology Summer Program is now open. Pick up a Field Geology packet at the Geology Department to find out more about the program and details on registration, accommodations, and prices.
Task 3
Subliminal Perception
Humans are constantly perceiving visual and auditory stimuli. Sometimes our perception of these stimuli occurs consciously; we are aware of a stimulus and know that we are perceiving it. But our perception of a stimulus can also occur without our awareness: an image might appear and disappear before our eyes too quickly for us to notice that we saw it, or a sound might be too faint for us to realize that we heard it. This phenomenon—the perception of a stimulus just below the threshold of conscious awareness—is called subliminal perception. Experiments have shown that subliminally perceived stimuli can influence people’s thoughts and attitudes.
Task 4
Writing
Task Academic Discussion
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12 TOEFL
Listening
Speaking
Task 1
Task 2
College Radio Station to Undergo Major Changes?
The university is considering making major changes to the college radio station. Changes would include an expansion of the station’s broadcasting range, which would allow the radio’s programming to reach nearby towns. One goal of the plan is to attract more students to apply to its communications program. Another goal is to provide the university with an extra source of revenue. University officials expect the enhanced radio station to significantly increase the number of listeners, which will in turn encourage businesses to place commercials on the radio.
Task 3
Human Migration
A few hundred thousand years ago, humans migrated from the savanna grasslands of Africa and spread rapidly into the regions of present-day Europe and Asia. This migration coincided with successive cycles of glacial periods known as "Ice Ages" and probably occurred as humans followed the advance and retreat of plants and animals. Humans survived the bitterly cold weather that prevailed in these regions through their ability to make things, such as shelter and clothing, but more importantly, their ability to control fire.
Later migrations took humans to Japan, on to Indonesia, and finally to Australia. They also migrated across the Bering land bridge into what is now North America and spread quickly down to the southern tip of South America. Later movements brought people to the eastern Canadian Arctic and northern Greenland.
Task 4
Writing
Task Academic Discussion
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13 TOEFL
Listening
Speaking
Task 1
Task 2
Announcement from the University Art Gallery
The Exhibit of Eighteenth-Century Silhouettes will open January 17 at the University Art Gallery.
Before the invention of photography, the silhouette artist captured a sitter's profile by using light to project a shadow of the subject onto a screen. Once the artist traced the shadow, it could be transferred onto other materials or reduced to fit into brooches, lockets, or rings. This fine collection of silhouettes traces the art form from its heyday in the early 1700s up to its present day revival.
Task 3
Perceptual Constancy
How an object affects our senses depends in part on external conditions, and these conditions are always changing. An object viewed from one angle presents a different shape to our eye than when viewed from another angle; similarly, as the distance from which we view an object changes, the object will appear larger or smaller. In spite of this, even as conditions change and we see objects differently, we still recognize that they remain the same. This is what is known as perceptual constancy. If not for perceptual constancy, we might have difficulty recognizing familiar objects if we viewed them in a new and different context.
Task 4
Writing
Task Academic Discussion
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14 TOEFL
Listening
Speaking
Task 1
Task 2
New Stadium
A university official announced plans to spend $2 million to build a new athletic stadium, commenting that a new stadium would help the university achieve its goal of attracting more top students. The official also said that, additionally, building a new stadium would allow the university to strengthen its relationship with the town since a new and larger stadium would have the space to seat not only students, parents, and alumni, but members of the local community as well.
Task 3
Number Sense
Number sense refers to the ability that a person has to think and work with numbers. Being able to handle numbers with competence means having to develop a strong number sense. It includes understanding number patterns, relationships between numbers, and operations involving numbers. These skills are necessary for making mathematical judgments as well as for solving complex problems. A precursor to understanding numbers and to number sense is a basic understanding of sorting objects, classifying them, putting them in order, and making comparisons. School-aged children can use language and symbols to label the number of objects that are in a set. Preschool children already have some intuition that could be considered number sense.
Task 4
Writing
Task Academic Discussion
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15 TOEFL
Listening
Speaking
Task 1
Task 2
A section of the syllabus
In addition to the material that you are assigned to read in the textbook and selected journals, you are also expected to stay current on what is happening in politics and government by reading the appropriate sections of newspapers and magazines on a regular basis. Please note that I expect you to be knowledgeable about current events in politics and government at the local, state, and federal levels. Please also note that I expect you to have an understanding of current events from several perspectives, so it is not acceptable to read about an event in only a single source. Finally, please note that I quite commonly find it useful to measure just how much knowledge you have about current happenings in politics and government.
Task 3
Wolves in Yellowstone Park
Thanks to a controversial but very successful reintroduction program, wolves are now in Yellowstone again after an absence of almost 70 years.
These wolves had been hunted to near extinction on the North American continent. Several dozen wolves were captured in Canada and turned loose in Yellowstone in March 1995. Those animals have done remarkably well, reproducing at a rapid rate. Packs are now located in various parts of the park. Wolves prey on a variety of species, notably elk in the Yellowstone area, but will also pursue moose, deer, sheep and other animals. However, cattle ranchers in the nearby area complained that the wolves were killing their livestock.
Task 4
Writing
Task Academic Discussion
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Integrated Writing 04
Many people dream of owning their own business but are afraid of the risks. Instead of starting a new business, however, one can buy a franchise. A franchise is a license issued by a large, usually well-known, company to a small business owner. Under the license, the owner acquires the right to use the company's brand name and agrees to sell its products. In return, the franchising company receives a percent of the sales.
A major problem for first-time business owners is finding reliable suppliers of the goods and services they need: equipment, raw materials, maintenance, etc. It is easy to choose the wrong supplier, and doing so can be costly. Buying a franchise eliminates much of this problem. Most franchising companies have already found reliable suppliers, and franchise contracts typically specify which suppliers are to be used. This protects franchise owners from the risk of serious losses.
Another advantage of a franchise is that it can save a new business a lot of money on advertising. Advertising one's product to potential customers is a crucial factor in a business's success. A franchise owner, however, sells an already popular and recognized brand and also gets the benefit of sophisticated and expensive advertising paid by the parent company.
Finally, a franchise offers more security than starting an independent (nonfranchise) business. The failure rate for starting independent businesses is very high during the first few years; the failure rate for starting franchises is much lower. Finding one's own way in today's competitive business environment is difficult, and buying a franchise allows an inexperienced business owner to use a proven business model.
16 TOEFL
Listening
Speaking
Task 1
Task 2
A Notice from Public Safety
A new parking policy is being instituted starting next year. Previously, faculty and staff were given first preference of parking passes, then commuting students, then the remaining passes were given out on a first-come-first-serve basis. This new policy is intended to more fairly and orderly distribute the passes. The university will now give out parking passes by means of a lottery. To sign up for the lottery and for questions and information, please log on to the Public Safety webpage.
Task 3
Managerial Revolution
In the 1930s and 1940s, there was considerable discussion in business about a change that was underway in management of large corporations, and this change was referred to as the managerial revolution. The change that was taking place was what was viewed as a radical change and hence the use of the term revolution from private ownership of large companies to public ownership of corporations through publicly traded stocks and the accompanying change in management from management by private company owners to management by professional employees, rather than owners, of publicly traded corporations. The managerial revolution, as it was termed, was therefore the change from management by owners of private companies that had been prevalent in the early stages of industrial capitalism to the late twentieth-century style of management by professional managers who are employees, rather than owners, of publicly-owned corporations.
Task 4
Writing
Task Academic Discussion
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17 TOEFL
Listening
Speaking
Task 1
Task 2
Section from a university catalogue
Because enrollment in upper-division engineering classes is extremely limited, the Engineering Department has special procedures for admitting students to a major in engineering. Students must take all prerequisites before applying to the Engineering Department for a major in engineering. (For a list of prerequisites for an engineering major, see page 249.) Only students with a minimum average of 3.0, or B, in the engineering prerequisite courses may apply, and only top candidates will be selected from the pool of applicants. Applications for acceptance as an engineering major must be submitted by April 1, and lists of students who have been accepted as engineering majors for the coming academic year will be posted by June 1.
Task 3
Hacking: Crime or Service to Society?
In the world of computers, the term “hacker” gets two different responses. One hacker can be productively designing games, programs, and ways to
improve security of information, while the other hacker tries to break into systems in a way that causes individuals and companies to loose, distort or release information without permission.
How do we define a “hacker?” A hacker can improve programs in business so that the business or individual will be protected from unwanted tampering. This hacker explores the limits of the program. Or, is a hacker the term for activity that is unlawful? A hacker in this case is one who deliberately invades programs and causes computer problems. Some do this for fun; however, this can cause great hardship for businesses and individuals.
People who play around with computers would say hackers are exercising their skills. Others may say hackers are criminals. Which definition is it?
Task 4
Writing
Task Academic Discussion
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18 TOEFL
Listening
Speaking
Task 1
Task 2
Announcement of New Sports Facility
The Alumni Office of Central State University is pleased to announce that construction of a new sports facility will commence this summer. Due in part to a very generous grant from a 1974 alumnus, Jason Chitwood, the new facility will include an indoor basketball court, a swimming pool, an indoor track, and a climbing wall. The ground breaking ceremony will be on April 7th with construction to begin shortly thereafter. The project is scheduled to be completed by summer of 2009.
Task 3
Nature and Nurture
There has been a long-standing controversy among sociologists, psychologists, philosophers, and ethicists over whether human character and behavior are influenced more by nature or by nurture. Advocates of the nature-over-nurture position support the premise that a person's character and behavior are influenced primarily by what a person is born with, by genetic inheritance from his or her parents. In contrast, advocates of the nurture-over-nature position support the premise that a person's character and behavior are primarily influenced by the environment into which he or she is born, that is, by the way that he or she was raised, by the experiences that the individual has had, by what this individual has learned since birth.
Task 4
Writing
19 TOEFL
Listening
Speaking
Task 1
Task 2
Notice from university administration
We regret to have to inform the campus community that the event scheduled for Friday evening has been cancelled. Since it was first announced that a certain guest speaker was scheduled to give a talk on Friday evening, the university has received a considerable amount of criticism for scheduling a speaker who is known for his controversial stances on issues that are important to our campus community. In response to all of these criticisms, the university has decided that it is best to cancel the event on Friday evening. Anyone who has already purchased tickets for the event may return the tickets to the ticket office for a complete refund.
Task 3
The Mock Epic
The term mock epic or mock heroic refers to a shorter epic written in a satirical manner. It has all the characteristics of a large epic, such as starting out with the invocation of the muse, being written in iambic pentameter, containing a Homeric simile, or a long and drawn out comparison of two things, and having a hero with a tragic flaw, but is much shorter and uses satire as its centerpiece. Satire is usually used to make fun of some aspect in a society.
Task 4
Writing
Task Academic Discussion
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20 TOEFL
Listening
Speaking
Task 1
Task 2
Attention All Foreign Language Students
Starting this semester, all students wishing to use the Foreign Language Lab are required to purchase an access card. No students will be allowed entry to the lab without first purchasing this card. The card is $10 and can be purchased at the school bookstore. The proceeds from this card are being used to supplement the student technology fee, which was used to renovate the lab over the summer. New computers and software, as well as new language tutors, were all part of the renovation.
Task 3
Aaron Burr
Aaron Burr was an interesting figure in American history, whose greatest acclaim was for his stint as vice president of the United States under President Thomas Jefferson from 1801 to 1805. He started out his adult life by graduating with honors from Princeton University in 1772 and serving in the continental army from 1775 until 1779, rising to the rank of lieutenant colonel by the age of 24. He was elected to the New York legislature in 1784 and was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1791. His intelligence, charm, and service to his political party led to his selection as vice president.
Task 4
Writing
Task Academic Discussion
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Integrated Writing 05
Soon technology will provide smart cars: cars that virtually drive themselves. A computer in the car determines the speed and route to the desired destination. The computer is in continuous contact with a global positioning system and other technologies that will provide extremely accurate information about the location of the car, other cars on the road, congestion, accidents, and so forth. The human driver will be little more than a passenger. Smart cars promise to make driving safer, quicker, and less expensive.
First of all, smart cars will prevent many accidents, thereby saving lives. The cars will be equipped with a variety of sensors that very accurately detect cars and other obstacles in their path, and they will have automatic programs that control braking and turning to avoid collisions. Given the hundreds of accidents that occur on highways daily, it is clear that humans do a poor job of avoiding accidents and that computer control would be a great improvement.
Second, with the wide use of smart cars, traffic problems will practically disappear. These computer-controlled cars can follow each other closely, even at high speeds. This ability will result in increased highway speeds. Today commuting by car can take hours a day. So the increased speed of smart cars will be a great benefit, welcomed by the many people who commute by car.
Finally, smart cars will bring a reduction in the costs of driving. Because smart cars are programmed to drive the most direct routes, car owners will have to spend less money on repairs and replacement parts. Expensive items such as brakes, tires, and transmissions will last much longer in smart cars than in other cars.